Carboxylic Acid Amide Fungicides for the Control of Downy Mildew Diseases

The carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides especially manage foliar Oomycetes illnesses, consisting of downy mould and overdue blight via way of means of inhibition of Cellulose synthase. This bankruptcy discusses the history, synthesis, mode of action, organic interest, and the structure-interest courting of CAA fungicides. The unique fungicidal interest of dimethomorph (1) in opposition to Oomycetes illnesses changed into found at some stage in the 1980s. A concise synthesis of the cinnamic acid amide dimethomorph (1) is accomplished via way of means of an aldol condensation of 4-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (12) and N-acetylmorpholine (13) with the useful resource of both potassium hydroxide or sodium tertamylate. The CAA fungicides strongly inhibit mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of sporangia and cystospores of those phytopathogens. Their fungicidal efficacy is especially because of their sturdy preventative action, however a number of them additionally display healing interest and a few eradicative effects. The handiest not unusualplace structural motif of the 3 CAA subclasses is an amide function.